爬虫技术的快速发展，反爬虫技术也不甘示弱，现在的爬虫越来越难爬，大多数的网站都有自己的反爬策略，有的反爬策略严格的让人无从下手，所以代理IP的质量有时候非常重要，本文简单介绍下java爬虫如何使用http代理IP来工作。

一、请求头的user-agent参数必不可少，而且要随机，这里是大坑，我之前就是没有随机，然后爬了几天就被人反爬了，醉了，我当时还以为代理的问题，一直跟客服沟通，说他们代理被封了，后来才发现是我的请求头里面的user-agent被封了，然后心里愧疚的跟客服小姐姐抱歉了下……尴尬。 user-agent是浏览器的标识，所以越多越好，大量的随机，跟代理ip一样重要！我先提供一部分，也放不了这么多。

String[] ua = {"Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; WOW64; rv:46.0) Gecko/20100101 Firefox/46.0",

        "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; WOW64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/50.0.2661.87 Safari/537.36 OPR/37.0.2178.32",

        "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; WOW64) AppleWebKit/534.57.2 (KHTML, like Gecko) Version/5.1.7 Safari/534.57.2",

        "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; WOW64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/45.0.2454.101 Safari/537.36",

        "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/46.0.2486.0 Safari/537.36 Edge/13.10586",

        "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; WOW64; Trident/7.0; rv:11.0) like Gecko",

        "Mozilla/5.0 (compatible; MSIE 10.0; Windows NT 6.1; WOW64; Trident/6.0)",

        "Mozilla/5.0 (compatible; MSIE 9.0; Windows NT 6.1; WOW64; Trident/5.0)",

        "Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 8.0; Windows NT 6.1; WOW64; Trident/4.0)",

        "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; WOW64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/47.0.2526.106 BIDUBrowser/8.3 Safari/537.36",

        "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; WOW64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/47.0.2526.80 Safari/537.36 Core/1.47.277.400 QQBrowser/9.4.7658.400",

        "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; WOW64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/48.0.2564.116 UBrowser/5.6.12150.8 Safari/537.36",

        "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; WOW64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/38.0.2125.122 Safari/537.36 SE 2.X MetaSr 1.0",

        "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; WOW64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/48.0.2564.116 Safari/537.36 TheWorld 7",

        "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; W…) Gecko/20100101 Firefox/60.0"};

二、访问来源referer。说实话之前一直没发现，后来是访问某网站的时候发现的，反爬做这么多干嘛，累啊，互联网，数据大家一起用嘛！ 请求头的referer这个参数就是记录的来源。为什么要伪装这个参数。我详细的说明下，你来源不伪装，就直接请求别人的接口，凭什么，他这个接口可能只是给页面调用的。浏览器请求的时候都有来源，你不伪装，不就暴露了，具体传什么参数，不同的网站都不一样，可以F12看下浏览器请求的时候传的什么。

三、代理IP。优质代理ip必不可少，用免费的就不太好了，那有效率太低了，速度也慢。既然要爬数据，肯定要快，效率要高，代理ip的要求就比较高，而且要有效的数量比较多，不然别人网站升级什么的，你没爬完，爬虫程序就蹦了，这里推荐站大爷的短效优质代理IP，日流水20万左右，有效率98%左右。

源码我就随便贴一下，应该是可以跑的，就是获取代理ip的url记得换下。

import java.io.IOException;

import java.util.*;

import java.util.concurrent.ExecutorService;

import java.util.concurrent.Executors;

import org.jsoup.Jsoup;

import org.jsoup.nodes.Document;

import org.slf4j.Logger;

import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;

import net.sf.json.JSONObject;

public class Test {

    //获取代理ip,记得更换，我用的是站大爷代理IP的，可以换成其他的网站的

    private final static String GET_IP_URL = "站大爷API接口";

    public static void main(String[] args) throws InterruptedException {

        List<String> addrs = new LinkedList<String>();

        Map<String,Integer> addr_map = new HashMap<String,Integer>();

        Map<String,String> ipmap = new HashMap<String,String>();

        ExecutorService exe = Executors.newFixedThreadPool(10);

        for (int i=0 ;i<1;i++) {

            Document doc = null;

            try {

                doc = Jsoup.connect(GET_IP_URL).get();

            } catch (IOException e) {

                continue;

            }

            System.out.println(doc.text());

            JSONObject jsonObject = JSONObject.fromObject(doc.text());

            List<Map<String,Object>> list = (List<Map<String,Object>>) jsonObject.get("msg");

            int count = list.size();

            for (Map<String,Object> map : list ) {

                String ip = (String)map.get("ip");

                String port = (String)map.get("port") ;

                ipmap.put(ip,"1");

                checkIp a = new checkIp(ip, new Integer(port),count);

                exe.execute(a);

            }

            exe.shutdown();

            Thread.sleep(1000);

        }

    }

}

class checkIp implements Runnable {

    private static Logger logger = LoggerFactory.getLogger(aaa.class);

    private static int suc=0;

    private static int total=0;

    private static int fail=0;

    private String ip ;

    private int port;

    private int count;

    public checkIp(String ip, int port,int count) {

        super();

        this.ip = ip;

        this.port = port;

        this.count = count;

    }

    @Override

    public void run() {

        Random r = new Random();

        String[] ua = {"Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; WOW64; rv:46.0) Gecko/20100101 Firefox/46.0",

                "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; WOW64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/50.0.2661.87 Safari/537.36 OPR/37.0.2178.32",

                "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; WOW64) AppleWebKit/534.57.2 (KHTML, like Gecko) Version/5.1.7 Safari/534.57.2",

                "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; WOW64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/45.0.2454.101 Safari/537.36",

                "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/46.0.2486.0 Safari/537.36 Edge/13.10586",

                "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; WOW64; Trident/7.0; rv:11.0) like Gecko",

                "Mozilla/5.0 (compatible; MSIE 10.0; Windows NT 6.1; WOW64; Trident/6.0)",

                "Mozilla/5.0 (compatible; MSIE 9.0; Windows NT 6.1; WOW64; Trident/5.0)",

                "Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 8.0; Windows NT 6.1; WOW64; Trident/4.0)",

                "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; WOW64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/47.0.2526.106 BIDUBrowser/8.3 Safari/537.36",

                "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; WOW64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/47.0.2526.80 Safari/537.36 Core/1.47.277.400 QQBrowser/9.4.7658.400",

                "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; WOW64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/48.0.2564.116 UBrowser/5.6.12150.8 Safari/537.36",

                "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; WOW64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/38.0.2125.122 Safari/537.36 SE 2.X MetaSr 1.0",

                "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; WOW64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/48.0.2564.116 Safari/537.36 TheWorld 7",

                "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; W…) Gecko/20100101 Firefox/60.0"};

        int i = r.nextInt(14);

        logger.info("检测中------ {}:{}",ip,port );

        Map<String,String> map = new HashMap<String,String>();

        map.put("waybillNo","DD1838768852");

        try {

            total ++ ;

            long a = System.currentTimeMillis();

            //爬取的目标网站，url记得换下。。。！！！

            Document doc = Jsoup.connect("目标网站网页的URL")

                    .timeout(5000)

                    .proxy(ip, port, null)

                    .data(map)

                    .ignoreContentType(true)

                    .userAgent(ua[i])

                    .header("referer","访问来源referer")//这个来源记得换..

                    .post();

            System.out.println(ip+":"+port+"访问时间:"+(System.currentTimeMillis() -a) + "   访问结果: "+doc.text());

            suc ++ ;

        } catch (IOException e) {

            e.printStackTrace();

            fail ++ ;

        }finally {

            if (total == count ) {

                System.out.println("总次数："+total);

                System.out.println("成功次数："+suc);

                System.out.println("失败次数："+fail);

            }

        }

    }

}